Effect of theobromine in antimicrobial activity: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the antimicrobial activity of theobromine and two commercially available kid's fluoride toothpastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study a chocolate-based nonfluoride toothpaste, Theobromine (Group A) and two commercially available kid's fluoride toothpaste, Kidodent (Group B), Colgate kids toothpaste (Group C) were used in this study. Freeze-dried stock culture of the strains of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans was cultured in their respective selective media. Dentifrices were added to the wells punched out in the culture media and incubated. The zones of inhibition were measured to find out the antimicrobial activity. all data statistically analyzed SPSS using Kolmogorov-Smironov and Shapiro-Wilk's tests. one-way ANOVA was done and Turkey's honest significant difference post hoc test was done for pairwise comparison P ≤ 0.001. RESULTS: Theobromine showed a greater zone of inhibition, which was statistically significant when compared to other two kid's fluoride toothpastes. CONCLUSION: Theobromine shows more antimicrobial effect against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and E. faecalis, whereas almost a neutral effect with C. albicans. Theobromine though nonfluoridated toothpaste showed greater zones of inhibition than other commercially available fluoridated kid's toothpastes.

Effect of protective coating on microleakage of conventional glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement in primary molars: An In vitro study.

AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of protective coating G-Coat Plus on microleakage of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 samples were divided into four groups with 30 samples in each group. Group A - teeth restored with CGIC. Group B - teeth restored with CGIC coated with G-Coat Plus. Group C - teeth restored with RMGIC. Group D - teeth restored with RMGIC coated with G-Coat Plus. Microleakage was tested using 2% basic fuschin dye penetration and measured at ×40 original magnification under the stereomicroscope. RESULTS: The results of this in vitro study showed that coating with G-Coat Plus showed a reduction in microleakage in CGIC and complete absence of microleakage in RMGIC when compared to the noncoated groups, which was statistically significant. CGIC without G-Coat Plus showed highest microleakage followed by RMGIC without G-Coat Plus, followed by a relatively less microleakage in CGIC with G-Coat Plus. CONCLUSION: Significant reduction in microleakage was seen in conventional GIC and RMGIC with G-Coat Plus when compared to conventional GIC and RMGIC without G-Coat Plus.

Molecular detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque of healthy young children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in subgingival plaque of healthy young children aged between 3 and 15 years using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and to compare their presence in children in their primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. METHOD: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 120 healthy children and were grouped as Group I-Deciduous dentition, Group II- Mixed dentition and Group III- Permanent dentition, and were subjected to PCR assay. RESULTS: Binomial test and Proportions test were used for statistical analysis. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were detected in 5% and 35%, 12.5% and 20%, and 0% and 27.5% samples in group I, II and III respectively. CONCLUSION: Both the microorganisms were present in group I and II. In group III only P. gingivalis was present. The results from this study do not necessarily pertain to differences in dentition but possibly to inter-individual differences.

Management of intrusive luxation in the primary dentition by surgical repositioning: an alternative approach.

Intrusive luxation is the most common trauma during early infancy which results in the displacement of the tooth into its alveolus. Depending on the severity of the intrusion, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends either extraction or spontaneous re-eruption for the primary tooth. This case report provides a brief insight into surgical repositioning as an alternative treatment option for the management of intruded primary tooth in a 4-year-old girl.